Active ingredient: Thrombin Alfa

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Thrombin Alfa uses


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Thrombin Alfa ®, Thrombin Alfa topical (Recombinant), is a topical Thrombin Alfa indicated to aid hemostasis whenever oozing blood and minor bleeding from capillaries and small venules is accessible and control of bleeding by standard surgical techniques (such as suture, ligature, or cautery) is ineffective or impractical in adults and pediatric populations greater than or equal to one month of age.

Thrombin Alfa may be used in conjunction with an absorbable gelatin sponge, USP.

Thrombin Alfa, Thrombin Alfa topical (Recombinant), is a topical Thrombin Alfa indicated to aid hemostasis whenever oozing blood and minor bleeding from capillaries and small venules is accessible and control of bleeding by standard surgical techniques (such as suture, ligature, or cautery) is ineffective or impractical in adults and pediatric populations greater than or equal to one month of age. (1)


Thrombin Alfa may be used in conjunction with an absorbable gelatin sponge, USP. (1)


2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

For topical use only. DO NOT INJECT.

2.1 Reconstitution of Thrombin Alfa

The volume of reconstituted Thrombin Alfa required will vary depending on the size and number of bleeding sites to be treated and the method of application.

Inspect the integrity of the Thrombin Alfa package and contents. Do not use if the packaging or contents have been damaged or opened.

Reconstitute the lyophilized powder using the supplied diluent.

Use aseptic technique when handling vials and syringes.

5000-unit Thrombin Alfa Reconstitution

Units used herein represent international units of potency determined using a reference standard that has been calibrated against the World Health Organization Second International Standard for Thrombin Alfa.


20,000-unit Thrombin Alfa Reconstitution

2.2 Application Techniques

Topically apply Thrombin Alfa solution directly or in conjunction with absorbable gelatin sponge onto the bleeding site. DO NOT INJECT.

The amount required depends upon the area of tissue to be treated and the method of application.

Vials are for single use only. Discard unused contents.

Use with Absorbable Gelatin Sponge

Refer to the absorbable gelatin sponge labeling for safety information and instructions on appropriate use.


Use with ZymoGenetics Spray Applicator Kit

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Thrombin Alfa is available as a sterile lyophilized powder in 5000- and 20,000-unit single-use vials. When reconstituted with the sterile 0.9% sodium chloride, USP provided, the powder yields a solution containing 1000 units/mL of Thrombin Alfa topical (Recombinant).

Thrombin Alfa is available as 5000-unit and 20,000-unit vials of sterile recombinant topical Thrombin Alfa lyophilized powder for solution. When reconstituted as directed, the final solution contains 1000 units/mL of Thrombin Alfa. (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Thrombosis

Thrombin Alfa may cause thrombosis if it enters the circulatory system. Apply topically. DO NOT INJECT.

5.2 Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, may occur. Thrombin Alfa is produced in a genetically modified Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line and may contain hamster or snake proteins [see Contraindications (4) and Description (11) ].

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

Thromboembolic adverse reactions were reported in 6% of surgical patients treated with Thrombin Alfa in all completed clinical trials [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].

Antibody formation to Thrombin Alfa occurred in <1% of patients. None of the antibodies detected neutralized native human Thrombin Alfa [see Adverse Reactions (6.2) ].


To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact The Medicines Company at 1-888-784-7662 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug product cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

Clinical trials have been performed with Thrombin Alfa applied with absorbable gelatin sponge and applied with a spray applicator. A total of 644 patients were exposed to Thrombin Alfa in these studies.

Thrombin Alfa Used in Conjunction with Absorbable Gelatin Sponge

Four hundred eleven (411) patients were treated in a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial that compared Thrombin Alfa to bovine Thrombin Alfa. Both thrombins were applied with a gelatin sponge in patients undergoing spinal surgery, hepatic resection, peripheral arterial bypass surgery, or arteriovenous graft formation for hemodialysis access.1 The incidence of thromboembolic adverse reactions was similar between the Thrombin Alfa and bovine Thrombin Alfa treatment groups.

* THROMBIN-JMI® Thrombin Alfa, Topical (Bovine)
Adverse Reaction Category Thrombin Alfa

(N=205)

n (%)

Bovine Thrombin*

(N=206)

n (%)

Thromboembolic events 11 (5%) 12 (6%)

In an open-label, single-group trial (N=209), patients with documented or highly likely prior exposure to bovine Thrombin Alfa within the previous three years were treated with Thrombin Alfa when undergoing surgeries (spinal, peripheral arterial bypass, or arteriovenous graft formation for hemodialysis access).2 The incidence of thromboembolic adverse reactions in this study was 9%.

In an open-label, single-group trial of re-exposure to Thrombin Alfa (N=31), patients with documented prior exposure to Thrombin Alfa were treated with Thrombin Alfa during surgery (spinal, peripheral arterial bypass, arteriovenous graft formation, or other procedures).3 The incidence of thromboembolic adverse reactions in this study was 3%.

In other randomized, double-blind trials across a range of surgical settings (N=130; spinal surgery, hepatic resection, peripheral arterial bypass surgery, or arteriovenous graft formation for hemodialysis access), the safety of Thrombin Alfa (n=88 patients) was compared to placebo (RECOTHROM excipients reconstituted with sterile 0.9% sodium chloride, USP) (n=42 patients). The incidence of thromboembolic adverse reactions in this study was 5% for Thrombin Alfa and 12% for placebo.

Thrombin Alfa Applied with Spray Applicator

Thrombin Alfa was applied with a spray applicator in two open-label clinical trials: a single-group trial in adult and pediatric burn patients (N=72; ≤16 years of age, (n=4) and ≥17 years of age, (n=68)) treated with Thrombin Alfa applied to the wound excision site prior to autologous skin grafting4; and in a single-group trial in pediatric patients (one month to 17 years of age) undergoing synchronous burn wound excision and autologous skin grafting (N=30; ≤16 years of age, (n=26); ≥17 years of age, (n=4)).5 In the first study, the incidence of thromboembolic adverse reactions was 1%. In the second study, there were no reported thromboembolic adverse reactions [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ].

6.2 Immunogenicity

The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent upon the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. The absolute immunogenicity rates reported here are difficult to compare with the results from other products due to differences in assay methodology, patient populations, and other underlying factors.

The potential for development of antibodies to Thrombin Alfa was evaluated in multiple clinical trials and included patients with a single exposure to Thrombin Alfa as well as patients who were re-exposed to Thrombin Alfa during a subsequent surgical procedure. Only patients with both baseline and post-treatment antibody specimens available were evaluated for the development of specific anti-RECOTHROM product antibodies, which was defined as seroconversion or a ≥1.0 titer unit (≥10-fold) increase in antibody levels after study treatment. Five of 609 (0.8%; 95% CI, 0.4%-2.8%) evaluable patients developed specific anti-RECOTHROM product antibodies. None of these antibodies were found to neutralize native human Thrombin Alfa. There was no difference in anti-RECOTHROM product antibody formation incidence among patients exposed to Thrombin Alfa applied with absorbable gelatin sponge, USP or with spray applicator.

In a clinical trial comparing Thrombin Alfa to bovine Thrombin Alfa (N=411; n=398 antibody evaluable) for the development of specific anti-product antibodies, blood samples were collected at baseline and at Day 29 in both treatment groups and were analyzed by ELISA.1 At baseline, 1.5% of Thrombin Alfa patients (n=3/198) had positive anti-product antibody titers compared with 5% of bovine Thrombin Alfa patients (n=10/200). Of these patients, none of the Thrombin Alfa group and eight in the bovine Thrombin Alfa group exhibited ≥1.0 titer unit (≥10-fold) increases in anti-product antibody levels after study treatment.

At Day 29, three of 198 (1.5%; 95% CI, 0%-4%) patients in the Thrombin Alfa group developed specific anti-product antibodies (one patient also developed anti-CHO host cell protein antibodies); 43 of 200 patients in the bovine Thrombin Alfa group (22%; 95% CI, 16%-28%) developed specific antibodies to bovine Thrombin Alfa product. Treatment with Thrombin Alfa resulted in a statistically significant lower incidence of specific anti-product antibody development. Because the study was not powered to detect a difference in clinical outcomes attributable to antibody formation, no conclusions can be drawn regarding the clinical significance of the difference in antibody formation based on the results of this study. None of the antibodies in the Thrombin Alfa group neutralized native human Thrombin Alfa. Antibodies against bovine Thrombin Alfa product were not tested for neutralization of native human Thrombin Alfa.

In a trial of patients with a high likelihood of prior exposure to bovine Thrombin Alfa, 15.6% of patients (n=32/205) had anti-bovine Thrombin Alfa product antibodies and 2% of patients (n=4/200) had anti-RECOTHROM product antibodies at baseline.2 Following treatment, none of the 200 evaluable patients (patients for whom post-treatment specimens were available) developed antibodies to Thrombin Alfa.

In a trial of patients previously exposed to Thrombin Alfa, 31 patients were re-exposed to Thrombin Alfa during a subsequent surgery.3 None of the evaluable patients (n=30) had anti-RECOTHROM product antibodies at baseline and none developed antibodies at Day 29.

In a trial of Thrombin Alfa, including 26 pediatric patients (aged one month to 16 years) and four patients 17 years of age, one patient without prior Thrombin Alfa exposure had pre-existing anti-RECOTHROM product antibodies at baseline.5 None of the 27 evaluable patients developed anti-RECOTHROM product antibodies at Day 29.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

Pregnancy: No human or animal data. Use only if clearly needed.


8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category C

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Thrombin Alfa. It is also not known whether Thrombin Alfa can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Thrombin Alfa should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

8.4 Pediatric Use

A total of 30 pediatric patients, ages 0 to 16 years, were treated in clinical trials with Thrombin Alfa using a spray applicator to burn wound excision sites prior to autologous skin grafting. No patient experienced a thromboembolic adverse reaction. The safety of Thrombin Alfa in pediatric patients greater than or equal to one month of age is supported by these data and by extrapolation of efficacy from adequate and well-controlled studies of Thrombin Alfa in adults. Safety and efficacy have not been established in neonates [see Adverse Reactions (6) ].

8.5 Geriatric Use

Of 644 patients in clinical studies of Thrombin Alfa, 36% (n=232/644) were ≥65 years old and 15% (n=95/644) were ≥75 years old.

No differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

11 DESCRIPTION

Thrombin Alfa, Thrombin Alfa topical (Recombinant), is a human coagulation protein produced via recombinant DNA technology from a genetically modified CHO cell line. Thrombin Alfa is identical in amino acid sequence and structurally similar to naturally occurring human Thrombin Alfa. Thrombin Alfa precursor is secreted to culture medium as single chain form that is proteolytically converted to a two-chain active form (using a protein derived from snakes) and is purified by a chromatographic process that yields a product having hemostatic activities similar to native human Thrombin Alfa. The cell line used to manufacture Thrombin Alfa has been tested and shown to be free of known infectious agents. The cell culture process used in the manufacture of Thrombin Alfa employs no additives of human or animal origin. The purification process includes solvent-detergent treatment and nano-filtration steps dedicated to viral clearance.

Thrombin Alfa is provided as a sterile, white to off-white, preservative-free, lyophilized powder in vials for reconstitution with diluent (sterile 0.9% sodium chloride, USP). Reconstitution with the provided diluent, as described [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ], yields a solution with a pH of 6.0 containing 1000 units/mL of recombinant Thrombin Alfa for topical use. The formulated product is a clear, colorless solution upon reconstitution and contains the following excipients: histidine, mannitol, sucrose, polyethylene glycol 3350, sodium chloride, and calcium chloride dihydrate, USP.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Thrombin Alfa, Thrombin Alfa topical (Recombinant), is a specific human serine protease that promotes hemostasis and acts locally when applied topically to a site of bleeding.

Thrombin Alfa activates platelets and catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which are steps that are essential for blood clot formation.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

In vitro cytotoxicity studies have been performed in mouse L929 fibroblast cell cultures and demonstrate a concentration-dependent effect on cell morphology. The thrombin-induced morphological changes were similar to those seen with bovine Thrombin Alfa.

13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology

In a study in nonhuman primates, Thrombin Alfa was applied directly to a liver wound with an absorbable gelatin sponge, USP. In a second study, Thrombin Alfa was administered subcutaneously once weekly for four weeks to nonhuman primates following repeat doses of 5405 units/m2. In both studies, Thrombin Alfa had no effect on clinical signs, serum chemistry, coagulation parameters, or histopathology; only normal postsurgical findings were observed. No animals developed anti-RECOTHROM product antibodies in either study.

Thrombin Alfa was found to be non-irritating when instilled in the eyes (200 units) or applied to normal or abraded skin of rabbits (up to 1000 units/site).

To evaluate Thrombin Alfa inhibition and clearance from the bloodstream, radiolabeled Thrombin Alfa was administered intravenously or subcutaneously to nonhuman primates and applied with an absorbable gelatin sponge, USP, in a rabbit hepatic wound model. Thrombin Alfa did not circulate in the blood as free, active molecule, but was rapidly inactivated (<5 minutes) after formation of complexes with endogenous inhibitors (e.g., antithrombin III); these complexes were cleared by the liver.

Thrombin Alfa applied with an absorbable gelatin sponge, USP, was shown to decrease time to hemostasis (TTH) when compared to saline in a rabbit hepatic wound model and rat heminephrectomy model. Thrombin Alfa also reduced TTH when directly applied in a porcine partial-thickness excisional skin-wound model as compared to saline control (or no treatment).

Thrombin Alfa applied with a gauze sponge decreased TTH in a concentration-dependent manner in both the rabbit and rat models. Concentrations of Thrombin Alfa >1000 units/mL were no different than 1000 units/mL while the effect of Thrombin Alfa diluted to a concentration of 100 units/mL on TTH was indistinguishable from placebo.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

Thrombin Alfa was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind comparative clinical trial to bovine Thrombin Alfa. Each Thrombin Alfa was topically applied to bleeding sites with an absorbable gelatin sponge at a nominal concentration of 1000 units/mL.1 Patients (N=411) were a heterogeneous surgical population undergoing surgery in one of four surgical settings: spinal surgery (n=122, 30%), hepatic resection (n=125, 30%), peripheral arterial bypass surgery (n=88, 21%), and arteriovenous graft formation for hemodialysis access (n=76, 18%). Patients with prior heparin-induced thrombocytopenia were excluded. Patient ages ranged from 21 to 89 years, gender was 53% male and 47% female, and the distribution by race was 68% white, 18% black or African American, and 14% other. The distribution of these characteristics was similar in both the Thrombin Alfa and bovine Thrombin Alfa treatment groups.

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the comparative efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of Thrombin Alfa and bovine Thrombin Alfa in combination with an absorbable gelatin sponge as adjuncts to hemostasis in surgery. Efficacy was evaluated by the incidence of hemostasis within 10 minutes. Bleeding appropriate for evaluation was defined as mild to moderate bleeding, either on its own or remaining after brisk bleeding was controlled by standard surgical modalities. Although multiple bleeding sites could be treated, only one bleeding site per patient was selected to determine effectiveness.

Table 2 summarizes the incidence of hemostasis within 10 minutes for each treatment for the 401 efficacy evaluable patients. The incidence of hemostasis within 10 minutes was comparable for the Thrombin Alfa and bovine Thrombin Alfa groups.

* Evaluation of hemostasis at ≤10 minutes for patients treated at 1 of 4 primary TTH bleeding site types: epidural venous plexus, hepatic resection site, peripheral arterial bypass proximal anastomosis, and arteriovenous graft arterial anastomosis.

THROMBIN-JMI® Thrombin Alfa, Topical (Bovine)

Thrombin Alfa

(N=198)

(%)

Bovine Thrombin*

(N=203)

(%)

Overall 95% 95%
Spinal surgery 98% 98%
Hepatic resection 98% 97%
Peripheral arterial bypass 85% 86%
Arteriovenous graft formation 97% 97%

The percentage of patients achieving hemostasis at 1.5, 3, 6, and 10 minutes is listed in Table 3.

* THROMBIN-JMI® Thrombin Alfa, Topical (Bovine)
Time (Minutes) Thrombin Alfa

(N=198)

(%)

Bovine Thrombin*

(N=203)

(%)

1.5 48% 46%
3 81% 72%
6 92% 88%
10 95% 95%

15 REFERENCES

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

Thrombin Alfa, Thrombin Alfa topical (Recombinant), is supplied in single-use, preservative-free vials in the following packages:

NDC 65293-006-41

A 5000-unit vial of Thrombin Alfa with a 5-mL prefilled diluent syringe (containing sterile 0.9% sodium chloride, USP), a sterile needle-free transfer device, a 5-mL sterile empty syringe, and a pre-printed label.

NDC 65293-007-41

A 20,000-unit vial of Thrombin Alfa with a 20-mL vial of diluent (containing sterile 0.9% sodium chloride, USP), 2 sterile needle-free transfer devices, a 20-mL sterile empty syringe, and a pre-printed label.

NDC 65293-007-50

The 20,000-unit Thrombin Alfa kit co-packaged with The Medicines Company Spray Applicator Kit containing a spray pump, a spray bottle, a syringe spray tip, a syringe, a bowl, and 2 blank labels.

No Thrombin Alfa kit components contain latex.

Store Thrombin Alfa sterile powder vials at 2°C to 25°C (36°F to 77°F). Do not freeze.

Reconstituted solutions of Thrombin Alfa prepared with sterile 0.9% sodium chloride, USP, may be stored for up to 24 hours at 2°C to 25°C (36°F to 77°F). Discard reconstituted solution after 24 hours.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Because topical Thrombin Alfa may cause the formation of clots in blood vessels if absorbed systemically, advise patients to consult their physician if they experience leg tenderness or swelling, chest pain, shortness of breath, or difficulty speaking or swallowing [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].

Manufactured for The Medicines Company

The Medicines Company, 8 Sylvan Way, Parsippany NJ 07054

U.S. License No. 1902

Thrombin Alfa is a registered trademark of ZymoGenetics, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

[PN 6001- 1 PI; Rev March 2014]

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 5000-UNIT VIAL

5,000 units

NDC: 65293-006-41

FOR TOPICAL USE ONLY - DO NOT INJECT

Thrombin Alfa®

Thrombin Alfa, TOPICAL

(RECOMBINANT)

5,000 units

5,000 units NDC: 65293-006-41 FOR TOPICAL USE ONLY - DO NOT INJECT RECOTHROM® Thrombin Alfa, TOPICAL (RECOMBINANT) 5,000 units

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 20000-UNIT VIAL

20,000 units

NDC: 65293-007-41

FOR TOPICAL USE ONLY - DO NOT INJECT

Thrombin Alfa®

Thrombin Alfa, TOPICAL

(RECOMBINANT)

20,000 units

20,000 units NDC: 65293-007-41 FOR TOPICAL USE ONLY - DO NOT INJECT RECOTHROM® Thrombin Alfa, TOPICAL (RECOMBINANT) 20,000 units

Thrombin Alfa available forms, composition, doses:


Indications and Usages:

ATC codes:


ICD-10 codes:


Thrombin Alfa destination | category:



Drugs with same active ingredients (Pharmaceutical companies):


References

  1. "Thrombin alfa". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/su... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. "Thrombin". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/su... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. "Thrombin Alfa - DrugBank". http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB1157... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Thrombin Alfa?

Depending on the reaction of the Thrombin Alfa after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Thrombin Alfa not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Thrombin Alfa addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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