Nebivas-SA

Nebivolol:

• Indications and usage
• Dosage and administration
• Dosage forms and strengths
• Contraindications
• Warnings and precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Drug interactions
• Use in specific populations
• Overdosage
• Description
• Clinical pharmacology
• Nonclinical toxicology
• Clinical studies
• How supplied/storage and handling
• Patient counseling information
• Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) reviews

1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Nebivas-SA is a beta-adrenergic blocking agent indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. (1.1)

1.1 Hypertension

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure . Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents .

Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes, including the class to which this drug principally belongs. There are no controlled trials demonstrating risk reduction with Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol).

Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).

Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.

Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.

Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.

2. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Can be taken with and without food. Individualize to the needs of the patient and monitor during up-titration.

• Hypertension: Most patients start at 5 mg once daily. Dose can be increased at 2-week intervals up to 40 mg. (2.1)

2.1 Hypertension

The dose of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) must be individualized to the needs of the patient. For most patients, the recommended starting dose is 5 mg once daily, with or without food, as monotherapy or in combination with other agents. For patients requiring further reduction in blood pressure, the dose can be increased at 2-week intervals up to 40 mg. A more frequent dosing regimen is unlikely to be beneficial.

Renal Impairment

In patients with severe renal impairment (ClCr less than 30 mL/min) the recommended initial dose is 2.5 mg once daily; titrate up slowly if needed. Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) has not been studied in patients receiving dialysis .

Hepatic Impairment

In patients with moderate hepatic impairment, the recommended initial dose is 2.5 mg once daily; titrate up slowly if needed. Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment and therefore it is not recommended in that population .

2.2 Subpopulations

Geriatric Patients

It is not necessary to adjust the dose in the elderly .

CYP2D6 Polymorphism

No dose adjustments are necessary for patients who are CYP2D6 poor metabolizers. The clinical effect and safety profile observed in poor metabolizers were similar to those of extensive metabolizers .

3. DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is available as tablets for oral administration containing Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) hydrochloride equivalent to 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol).

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) tablets are triangular-shaped, biconvex, unscored, differentiated by color and are engraved with “FL” on one side and the number of mg (2 ½, 5, 10, or 20) on the other side.

Tablets: 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg (3)

4. CONTRAINDICATIONS

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is contraindicated in the following conditions:

• Severe bradycardia
• Heart block greater than first degree
• Patients with cardiogenic shock
• Decompensated cardiac failure
• Sick sinus syndrome (unless a permanent pacemaker is in place)
• Patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh >B)
• Patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product.

• Severe bradycardia (4)
• Heart block greater than first degree (4)
• Patients with cardiogenic shock (4)
• Decompensated cardiac failure (4)
• Sick sinus syndrome (unless a permanent pacemaker is in place) (4)
• Patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh >B) (4)
• Hypersensitive to any component of this product (4)

5. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

• Acute exacerbation of coronary artery disease upon cessation of therapy: Do not abruptly discontinue
• Diabetes: Monitor glucose as β-blockers may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia (5.5)

5.1 Abrupt Cessation of Therapy

Do not abruptly discontinue Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. Severe exacerbation of angina, myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmias have been reported in patients with coronary artery disease following the abrupt discontinuation of therapy with β-blockers. Myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmias may occur with or without preceding exacerbation of the angina pectoris. Caution patients without overt coronary artery disease against interruption or abrupt discontinuation of therapy. As with other β-blockers, when discontinuation of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is planned, carefully observe and advise patients to minimize physical activity. Taper Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) over 1 to 2 weeks when possible. If the angina worsens or acute coronary insufficiency develops, re-start Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) promptly, at least temporarily.

5.2 Angina and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Nebivas-SA was not studied in patients with angina pectoris or who had a recent MI.

5.3 Bronchospastic Diseases

In general, patients with bronchospastic diseases should not receive β-blockers.

5.4 Anesthesia and Major Surgery

Because beta-blocker withdrawal has been associated with an increased risk of MI and chest pain, patients already on beta-blockers should generally continue treatment throughout the perioperative period. If Nebivas-SA is to be continued perioperatively, monitor patients closely when anesthetic agents which depress myocardial function, such as ether, cyclopropane, and trichloroethylene, are used. If β-blocking therapy is withdrawn prior to major surgery, the impaired ability of the heart to respond to reflex adrenergic stimuli may augment the risks of general anesthesia and surgical procedures.

The β-blocking effects of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) can be reversed by β-agonists, e.g., dobutamine or isoproterenol. However, such patients may be subject to protracted severe hypotension. Additionally, difficulty in restarting and maintaining the heartbeat has been reported with β-blockers.

5.5 Diabetes and Hypoglycemia

β-blockers may mask some of the manifestations of hypoglycemia, particularly tachycardia. Nonselective β-blockers may potentiate insulin-induced hypoglycemia and delay recovery of serum glucose levels. It is not known whether Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) has these effects. Advise patients subject to spontaneous hypoglycemia and diabetic patients receiving insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents about these possibilities.

5.6 Thyrotoxicosis

β-blockers may mask clinical signs of hyperthyroidism, such as tachycardia. Abrupt withdrawal of β-blockers may be followed by an exacerbation of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism or may precipitate a thyroid storm.

5.7 Peripheral Vascular Disease

β-blockers can precipitate or aggravate symptoms of arterial insufficiency in patients with peripheral vascular disease.

5.8 Non-dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers

Because of significant negative inotropic and chronotropic effects in patients treated with β-blockers and calcium channel blockers of the verapamil and diltiazem type, monitor the ECG and blood pressure in patients treated concomitantly with these agents.

5.9 Use with CYP2D6 Inhibitors

Nebivas-SA exposure increases with inhibition of CYP2D6 . The dose of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) may need to be reduced.

5.10 Impaired Renal Function

Renal clearance of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is decreased in patients with severe renal impairment. Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) has not been studied in patients receiving dialysis .

5.11 Impaired Hepatic Function

Metabolism of Nebivas-SA is decreased in patients with moderate hepatic impairment. Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment .

5.12 Risk of Anaphylactic Reactions

While taking β-blockers, patients with a history of severe anaphylactic reactions to a variety of allergens may be more reactive to repeated accidental, diagnostic, or therapeutic challenge. Such patients may be unresponsive to the usual doses of epinephrine used to treat allergic reactions.

5.13 Pheochromocytoma

In patients with known or suspected pheochromocytoma, initiate an α-blocker prior to the use of any β-blocker.

6. ADVERSE REACTIONS

Most common adverse reactions :

• Headache, fatigue

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, Contact Allergan at 1-800-433-8871 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1 Clinical Studies Experience

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) has been evaluated for safety in patients with hypertension and in patients with heart failure. The observed adverse reaction profile was consistent with the pharmacology of the drug and the health status of the patients in the clinical trials. Adverse reactions reported for each of these patient populations are provided below. Excluded are adverse reactions considered too general to be informative and those not reasonably associated with the use of the drug because they were associated with the condition being treated or are very common in the treated population.

The data described below reflect worldwide clinical trial exposure to Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) in 6545 patients, including 5038 patients treated for hypertension and the remaining 1507 subjects treated for other cardiovascular diseases. Doses ranged from 0.5 mg to 40 mg. Patients received Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) for up to 24 months, with over 1900 patients treated for at least 6 months, and approximately 1300 patients for more than one year.

HYPERTENSION: In placebo-controlled clinical trials comparing Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) with placebo, discontinuation of therapy due to adverse reactions was reported in 2.8% of patients treated with Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) and 2.2% of patients given placebo. The most common adverse reactions that led to discontinuation of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) were headache (0.4%), nausea (0.2%) and bradycardia (0.2%).

Table 1 lists treatment-emergent adverse reactions that were reported in three 12-week, placebo-controlled monotherapy trials involving 1597 hypertensive patients treated with either 5 mg, 10 mg, or 20-40 mg of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) and 205 patients given placebo and for which the rate of occurrence was at least 1% of patients treated with Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) and greater than the rate for those treated with placebo in at least one dose group.

Listed below are other reported adverse reactions with an incidence of at least 1% in the more than 4300 patients treated with Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) in controlled or open-label trials except for those already appearing in Table 1 , terms too general to be informative, minor symptoms, or adverse reactions unlikely to be attributable to drug because they are common in the population. These adverse reactions were in most cases observed at a similar frequency in placebo-treated patients in the controlled studies.

Body as a Whole: asthenia.

Gastrointestinal System Disorders: abdominal pain

Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders: hypercholesterolemia

Nervous System Disorders: paraesthesia

6.2 Laboratory Abnormalities

In controlled monotherapy trials of hypertensive patients, Nebivas-SA was associated with an increase in BUN, uric acid, triglycerides and a decrease in HDL cholesterol and platelet count.

6.3 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified from spontaneous reports of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) received worldwide and have not been listed elsewhere. These adverse reactions have been chosen for inclusion due to a combination of seriousness, frequency of reporting or potential causal connection to Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol). Adverse reactions common in the population have generally been omitted. Because these adverse reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not possible to estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) exposure: abnormal hepatic function (including increased AST, ALT and bilirubin), acute pulmonary edema, acute renal failure, atrioventricular block (both second and third degree), bronchospasm, erectile dysfunction, hypersensitivity (including urticaria, allergic vasculitis and rare reports of angioedema), myocardial infarction, pruritus, psoriasis, Raynaud's phenomenon, peripheral ischemia/claudication, somnolence, syncope, thrombocytopenia, various rashes and skin disorders, vertigo, and vomiting.

7. Drug Interactions

• CYP2D6 enzyme inhibitors may increase Nebivas-SA levels (7.1)
• Reserpine or clonidine may produce excessive reduction of sympathetic activity. (7.2)
• Both digitalis glycosides and β-blockers slow atrioventricular conduction and decrease heart rate. Concomitant use can increase the risk of bradycardia. (7.3)
• Verapamil- or diltiazem-type calcium channel blockers may cause excessive reductions in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac contractility. (7.4)

7.1 CYP2D6 Inhibitors

Use caution when Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is co-administered with CYP2D6 inhibitors (quinidine, propafenone, fluoxetine, paroxetine, etc.) .

7.2 Hypotensive Agents

Do not use Nebivas-SA with other β-blockers. Closely monitor patients receiving catecholamine-depleting drugs, such as reserpine or guanethidine, because the added β-blocking action of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) may produce excessive reduction of sympathetic activity. In patients who are receiving Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) and clonidine, discontinue Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) for several days before the gradual tapering of clonidine.

7.3 Digitalis Glycosides

Both digitalis glycosides and β-blockers slow atrioventricular conduction and decrease heart rate. Concomitant use can increase the risk of bradycardia.

7.4 Calcium Channel Blockers

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) can exacerbate the effects of myocardial depressants or inhibitors of AV conduction, such as certain calcium antagonists (particularly of the phenylalkylamine [verapamil] and benzothiazepine [diltiazem] classes), or antiarrhythmic agents, such as disopyramide.

8. USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects: Category C.

Decreased pup body weights occurred at 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg in rats, when exposed during the perinatal period. At 5 mg/kg and higher doses (1.2 times the MRHD), prolonged gestation, dystocia and reduced maternal care were produced with corresponding increases in late fetal deaths and stillbirths and decreased birth weight, live litter size and pup survival. Insufficient numbers of pups survived at 5 mg/kg to evaluate the offspring for reproductive performance.

In studies in which pregnant rats were given Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) during organogenesis, reduced fetal body weights were observed at maternally toxic doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg/day (5 and 10 times the MRHD), and small reversible delays in sternal and thoracic ossification associated with the reduced fetal body weights and a small increase in resorption occurred at 40 mg/kg/day (10 times the MRHD). No adverse effects on embryo-fetal viability, sex, weight or morphology were observed in studies in which Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) was given to pregnant rabbits at doses as high as 20 mg/kg/day (10 times the MRHD).

8.2 Labor and Delivery

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) caused prolonged gestation and dystocia at doses ≥ 5 mg/kg in rats (1.2 times the MRHD). These effects were associated with increased fetal deaths and stillborn pups, and decreased birth weight, live litter size and pup survival rate, events that occurred only when Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) was given during the perinatal period (late gestation, parturition and lactation).

No studies of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) were conducted in pregnant women. Use Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

Studies in rats have shown that Nebivas-SA or its metabolites cross the placental barrier and are excreted in breast milk. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk.

Because of the potential for β-blockers to produce serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, especially bradycardia, Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is not recommended during nursing.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. Pediatric studies in ages newborn to 18 years old have not been conducted because of incomplete characterization of developmental toxicity and possible adverse effects on long-term fertility .

8.5 Geriatric Use

Of the 2800 patients in the U.S. sponsored placebo-controlled clinical hypertension studies, 478 patients were 65 years of age or older. No overall differences in efficacy or in the incidence of adverse events were observed between older and younger patients.

8.6 Heart Failure

In a placebo-controlled trial of 2128 patients (1067 Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol), 1061 placebo) over 70 years of age with chronic heart failure receiving a maximum dose of 10 mg per day for a median of 20 months, no worsening of heart failure was reported with Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) compared to placebo. However, if heart failure worsens consider discontinuation of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol).

10. OVERDOSAGE

In clinical trials and worldwide postmarketing experience there were reports of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) overdose. The most common signs and symptoms associated with Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) overdosage are bradycardia and hypotension. Other important adverse reactions reported with Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) overdose include cardiac failure, dizziness, hypoglycemia, fatigue and vomiting. Other adverse reactions associated with β-blocker overdose include bronchospasm and heart block.

The largest known ingestion of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) worldwide involved a patient who ingested up to 500 mg of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) along with several 100 mg tablets of acetylsalicylic acid in a suicide attempt. The patient experienced hyperhydrosis, pallor, depressed level of consciousness, hypokinesia, hypotension, sinus bradycardia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, respiratory failure and vomiting. The patient recovered.

Because of extensive drug binding to plasma proteins, hemodialysis is not expected to enhance Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) clearance.

If overdose occurs, provide general supportive and specific symptomatic treatment. Based on expected pharmacologic actions and recommendations for other β-blockers, consider the following general measures, including stopping Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol), when clinically warranted:

Bradycardia: Administer IV atropine. If the response is inadequate, isoproterenol or another agent with positive chronotropic properties may be given cautiously. Under some circumstances, transthoracic or transvenous pacemaker placement may be necessary.

Hypotension: Administer IV fluids and vasopressors. Intravenous glucagon may be useful.

Heart Block (second or third degree): Monitor and treat with isoproterenol infusion. Under some circumstances, transthoracic or transvenous pacemaker placement may be necessary.

Congestive Heart Failure: Initiate therapy with digitalis glycoside and diuretics. In certain cases, consider the use of inotropic and vasodilating agents.

Bronchospasm: Administer bronchodilator therapy such as a short acting inhaled β₂-agonist and/or aminophylline.

Hypoglycemia: Administer IV glucose. Repeated doses of IV glucose or possibly glucagon may be required.

Supportive measures should continue until clinical stability is achieved. The half-life of low doses of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is 12-19 hours.

Call the National Poison Control Center (800-222-1222) for the most current information on β-blocker overdose treatment.

11. DESCRIPTION

The chemical name for the active ingredient in Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) (nebivolol) tablets is (1RS,1'RS)-1,1'-[(2RS,2'SR)-bis(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-yl)]- 2,2'-iminodiethanol hydrochloride. Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is a racemate composed of d-Nebivolol and l-Nebivolol with the stereochemical designations of [SRRR]-nebivolol and [RSSS]-nebivolol, respectively. Nebivolol's molecular formula is (C₂₂H₂₅F₂NO₄-HCl) with the following structural formula:

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) hydrochloride is a white to almost white powder that is soluble in methanol, dimethylsulfoxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide, sparingly soluble in ethanol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol, and very slightly soluble in hexane, dichloromethane, and methylbenzene.

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) as tablets for oral administration contains Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) hydrochloride equivalent to 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) base. In addition, Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, D&C Red #27 Lake, FD&C Blue #2 Lake, FD&C Yellow #6 Lake, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, polysorbate 80, and sodium lauryl sulfate.

Structural Formula

12. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Nebivas-SA is a β-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. In extensive metabolizers (most of the population) and at doses less than or equal to 10 mg, Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is preferentially β₁ selective. In poor metabolizers and at higher doses, Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) inhibits both β₁ - and β₂ - adrenergic receptors. Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) lacks intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane stabilizing activity at therapeutically relevant concentrations. At clinically relevant doses, Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) does not demonstrate α₁-adrenergic receptor blockade activity. Various metabolites, including glucuronides, contribute to β-blocking activity.

12.1 Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of the antihypertensive response of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) has not been definitively established. Possible factors that may be involved include: (1) decreased heart rate, (2) decreased myocardial contractility, (3) diminution of tonic sympathetic outflow to the periphery from cerebral vasomotor centers, (4) suppression of renin activity and (5) vasodilation and decreased peripheral vascular resistance.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

Nebivas-SA is metabolized by a number of routes, including glucuronidation and hydroxylation by CYP2D6. The active isomer (d-nebivolol) has an effective half-life of about 12 hours in CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (most people), and 19 hours in poor metabolizers and exposure to d-nebivolol is substantially increased in poor metabolizers. This has less importance than usual, however, because the metabolites, including the hydroxyl metabolite and glucuronides (the predominant circulating metabolites), contribute to β-blocking activity.

Plasma levels of d–nebivolol increase in proportion to dose in EMs and PMs for doses up to 20mg. Exposure to l-nebivolol is higher than to d-nebivolol but l-nebivolol contributes little to the drug's activity as d-nebivolol's beta receptor affinity is > 1000-fold higher than l-nebivolol. For the same dose, PMs attain a 5-fold higher Cmax and 10-fold higher AUC of d-nebivolol than do EMs. d-Nebivolol accumulates about 1.5-fold with repeated once-daily dosing in EMs.

Absorption

Absorption of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is similar to an oral solution. The absolute bioavailability has not been determined.

Mean peak plasma Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) concentrations occur approximately 1.5 to 4 hours post-dosing in EMs and PMs.

Food does not alter the pharmacokinetics of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol). Under fed conditions, Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) glucuronides are slightly reduced. Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) may be administered without regard to meals.

Distribution

The in vitro human plasma protein binding of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is approximately 98%, mostly to albumin, and is independent of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) concentrations.

Metabolism

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is predominantly metabolized via direct glucuronidation of parent and to a lesser extent via N-dealkylation and oxidation via cytochrome P450 2D6. Its stereospecific metabolites contribute to the pharmacologic activity .

Elimination

After a single oral administration of 14C-nebivolol, 38% of the dose was recovered in urine and 44% in feces for EMs and 67% in urine and 13% in feces for PMs. Essentially all Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) was excreted as multiple oxidative metabolites or their corresponding glucuronide conjugates.

12.4 Pharmacokinetics in Special Populations

Hepatic Disease

d-Nebivolol peak plasma concentration increased 3-fold, exposure (AUC) increased 10-fold, and the apparent clearance decreased by 86% in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B). No formal studies have been performed in patients with severe hepatic impairment and Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) should be contraindicated for these patients .

Renal Disease

The apparent clearance of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) was unchanged following a single 5 mg dose of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) in patients with mild renal impairment (ClCr 50 to 80 mL/min, n=7), and it was reduced negligibly in patients with moderate (ClCr 30 to 50 mL/min, n=9), but clearance was reduced by 53% in patients with severe renal impairment (ClCr <30 mL/min, n=5). No studies have been conducted in patients on dialysis .

12.5 Drug-Drug Interactions

Drugs that inhibit CYP2D6 can be expected to increase plasma levels of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol). When Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is co-administered with an inhibitor or an inducer of this enzyme, monitor patients closely and adjust the Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) dose according to blood pressure response. In vitro studies have demonstrated that at therapeutically relevant concentrations, d- and l-nebivolol do not inhibit any cytochrome P450 pathways.

Digoxin: Concomitant administration of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) (10 mg once daily) and digoxin (0.25 mg once daily) for 10 days in 14 healthy adult individuals resulted in no significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of digoxin or Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) .

Warfarin: Administration of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) (10 mg once daily for 10 days) led to no significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) or R- or S-warfarin following a single 10 mg dose of warfarin. Similarly, Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) has no significant effects on the anticoagulant activity of warfarin, as assessed by Prothrombin time and INR profiles from 0 to 144 hours after a single 10 mg warfarin dose in 12 healthy adult volunteers.

Diuretics: No pharmacokinetic interactions were observed in healthy adults between Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) (10 mg daily for 10 days) and furosemide (40 mg single dose), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg once daily for 10 days), or spironolactone (25 mg once daily for 10 days).

Ramipril: Concomitant administration of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) (10 mg once daily) and ramipril (5 mg once daily) for 10 days in 15 healthy adult volunteers produced no pharmacokinetic interactions.

Losartan: Concomitant administration of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) (10 mg single dose) and losartan (50 mg single dose) in 20 healthy adult volunteers did not result in pharmacokinetic interactions.

Fluoxetine: Fluoxetine, a CYP2D6 inhibitor, administered at 20 mg per day for 21 days prior to a single 10 mg dose of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) to 10 healthy adults, led to an 8-fold increase in the AUC and 3-fold increase in C_max for d-nebivolol .

Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists: The pharmacokinetics of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) (5 mg single dose) were not affected by the co-administration of ranitidine (150 mg twice daily). Cimetidine (400 mg twice daily) causes a 23% increase in the plasma levels of d-nebivolol.

Charcoal: The pharmacokinetics of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) (10 mg single dose) were not affected by repeated co-administration (4, 8, 12, 16, 22, 28, 36, and 48 hours after Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) administration) of activated charcoal (Actidose-Aqua^®).

Sildenafil: The co-administration of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) and sildenafil decreased AUC and C_max of sildenafil by 21 and 23% respectively. The effect on the C_max and AUC for d-nebivolol was also small (< 20%). The effect on vital signs (e.g., pulse and blood pressure) was approximately the sum of the effects of sildenafil and Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol).

Other Concomitant Medications: Utilizing population pharmacokinetic analyses, derived from hypertensive patients, the following drugs were observed not to have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol): acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, atorvastatin, esomeprazole, ibuprofen, levothyroxine sodium, metformin, sildenafil, simvastatin, or tocopherol.

Protein Binding: No meaningful changes in the extent of in vitro binding of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) to human plasma proteins were noted in the presence of high concentrations of diazepam, digoxin, diphenylhydantoin, enalapril, hydrochlorothiazide, imipramine, indomethacin, propranolol, sulfamethazine, tolbutamide, or warfarin. Additionally, Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) did not significantly alter the protein binding of the following drugs: diazepam, digoxin, diphenylhydantoin, hydrochlorothiazide, imipramine, or warfarin at their therapeutic concentrations.

13. NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

In a two-year study of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) in mice, a statistically significant increase in the incidence of testicular Leydig cell hyperplasia and adenomas was observed at 40 mg/kg/day (5 times the maximally recommended human dose of 40 mg on a mg/m² basis). Similar findings were not reported in mice administered doses equal to approximately 0.3 or 1.2 times the maximum recommended human dose. No evidence of a tumorigenic effect was observed in a 24-month study in Wistar rats receiving doses of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) 2.5, 10 and 40 mg/kg/day (equivalent to 0.6, 2.4, and 10 times the maximally recommended human dose). Co-administration of dihydrotestosterone reduced blood LH levels and prevented the Leydig cell hyperplasia, consistent with an indirect LH-mediated effect of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) in mice and not thought to be clinically relevant in man.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group study in healthy male volunteers was conducted to determine the effects of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) on adrenal function, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone levels. This study demonstrated that 6 weeks of daily dosing with 10 mg of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) had no significant effect on ACTH-stimulated mean serum cortisol AUC_{0-120 min}, serum LH, or serum total testosterone.

Effects on spermatogenesis were seen in male rats and mice at ≥ 40 mg/kg/day (10 and 5 times the MRHD, respectively). For rats the effects on spermatogenesis were not reversed and may have worsened during a four week recovery period. The effects of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) on sperm in mice, however, were partially reversible.

Mutagenesis: Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) was not genotoxic when tested in a battery of assays (Ames, in vitro mouse lymphoma TK^+/-, in vitro human peripheral lymphocyte chromosome aberration, in vivo Drosophila melanogaster sex-linked recessive lethal, and in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus tests).

14. CLINICAL STUDIES

14.1 Hypertension

The antihypertensive effectiveness of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) as monotherapy has been demonstrated in three randomized, double-blind, multi-center, placebo-controlled trials at doses ranging from 1.25 to 40 mg for 12 weeks (Studies 1, 2, and 3). A fourth placebo-controlled trial demonstrated additional antihypertensive effects of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) at doses ranging from 5 to 20 mg when administered concomitantly with up to two other antihypertensive agents (ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and thiazide diuretics) in patients with inadequate blood pressure control.

The three monotherapy trials included a total of 2016 patients (1811 Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol), 205 placebo) with mild to moderate hypertension who had baseline diastolic blood pressures (DBP) of 95 to 109 mmHg. Patients received either Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) or placebo once daily for twelve weeks. Two of these monotherapy trials (Studies 1 and 2) studied 1716 patients in the general hypertensive population with a mean age of 54 years, 55% males, 26% non-Caucasians, 7% diabetics and 6% genotyped as PMs. The third monotherapy trial (Study 3) studied 300 Black patients with a mean age of 51 years, 45% males, 14% diabetics, and 3% as PMs.

Placebo-subtracted blood pressure reductions by dose for each study are presented in Table 2 . Most studies showed increasing response to doses above 5 mg.

Study 4 enrolled 669 patients with a mean age of 54 years, 55% males, 54% Caucasians, 29% Blacks, 15% Hispanics, 1% Asians, 14% diabetics, and 5% PMs. Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol), 5 mg to 20 mg, administered once daily concomitantly with stable doses of up to two other antihypertensive agents (ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and thiazide diuretics) resulted in significant additional antihypertensive effects over placebo compared to baseline blood pressure.

Effectiveness was similar in subgroups analyzed by age and sex. Effectiveness was established in Blacks, but as monotherapy the magnitude of effect was somewhat less than in Caucasians.

The blood pressure lowering effect of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) was seen within two weeks of treatment and was maintained over the 24-hour dosing interval.

There are no trials of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) demonstrating reductions in cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension, but at least one pharmacologically similar drug has demonstrated such benefits.

16. HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is available as tablets for oral administration containing Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) hydrochloride equivalent to 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg of Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol).

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) tablets are triangular-shaped, biconvex, unscored, differentiated by color and are engraved with “FL” on one side and the number of mg (2 ½, 5, 10, or 20) on the other side. Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) tablets are supplied in the following strengths and package configurations:

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) .

Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP using a child-resistant closure.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

See FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).

• Patient Advice

Advise patients to take Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) regularly and continuously, as directed. Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) can be taken with or without food. If a dose is missed, take the next scheduled dose only (without doubling it). Do not interrupt or discontinue Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) without consulting the physician.

Patients should know how they react to this medicine before they operate automobiles, use machinery, or engage in other tasks requiring alertness.

Advise patients to consult a physician if any difficulty in breathing occurs, or if they develop signs or symptoms of worsening congestive heart failure such as weight gain or increasing shortness of breath, or excessive bradycardia.

Caution patients subject to spontaneous hypoglycemia, or diabetic patients receiving insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents, that β-blockers may mask some of the manifestations of hypoglycemia, particularly tachycardia.

Distributed by:

Allergan USA, Inc.

Irvine, CA 92612

Licensed from Mylan Laboratories, Inc.

Under license from Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium

Bystolic® is a registered trademark of Forest Laboratories, LLC, an Allergan affiliate.

Actidose®-Aqua is a registered trademark of Paddock Laboratories, LLC

© 2016 Allergan. All rights reserved.

PATIENT INFORMATION

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)^® (bi-STOL-ik)

(nebivolol) Tablets

Read the Patient Information that comes with Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) before you start taking it and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking with your doctor about your medical condition or your treatment. If you have any questions about Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol), ask your doctor or pharmacist.

WHAT IS Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)?

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is a kind of prescription medicine called a “beta-blocker”. Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) treats:

• High blood pressure (hypertension)

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) can lower blood pressure when used by itself and with other medicines.

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is not approved for children less than 18 years of age.

WHO SHOULD NOT TAKE Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)?

Do not take Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) if you:

• Have heart failure and are in the ICU or need medicines to keep up your blood circulation
• Have a slow heartbeat or your heart skips beats (irregular heartbeat)
• Have severe liver damage
• Are allergic to any ingredient in Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol). The active ingredient is Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol). See the end of this leaflet for a list of ingredients.

WHAT SHOULD I TELL MY DOCTOR BEFORE TAKING Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)?

Tell your doctor about all of your medical problems, including if you:

• Have asthma or other lung problems (such as bronchitis or emphysema)
• Have problems with blood flow in your feet and legs (peripheral vascular disease) Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) can make symptoms of blood flow problems worse.
• Have diabetes and take medicine to control blood sugar
• Have thyroid problems
• Have liver or kidney problems
• Had allergic reactions to medications or have allergies
• Have a condition called pheochromocytoma
• Are pregnant or trying to become pregnant. It is not known if Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) is safe for your unborn baby. Talk with your doctor about the best way to treat high blood pressure while you are pregnant.
• Are breastfeeding. It is not known if Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) passes into your breast milk. You should not breastfeed while using Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol).
• Are scheduled for surgery and will be given anesthetic agents

Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take. Include prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) and certain other medicines can affect each other and cause serious side effects.

Keep a list of all the medicines you take. Show this list to your doctor and pharmacist before you start a new medicine.

HOW SHOULD I TAKE Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)?

• Do not suddenly stop taking Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol). You could have chest pain or a heart attack. If your doctor decides to stop Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol), your doctor may slowly lower your dose over time before stopping it completely.
• Take Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) every day exactly as your doctor tells you. Your doctor will tell you how much Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) to take and how often. Your doctor may start with a low dose and raise it over time.
• Do not stop taking Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) or change your dose without talking with your doctor.
• Take Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) with or without food.
• If you miss a dose, take your dose as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time to take your next dose. Do not take 2 doses at the same time. Take your next dose at the usual time.
• If you take too much Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol), call your doctor or poison control center right away.

WHAT ARE POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)?

• Low blood pressure and feeling dizzy. If you feel dizzy, sit or lie down and tell your doctor right away.
• Tiredness
• Slow heartbeat
• Headache
• Leg swelling due to fluid retention (edema). Tell your doctor if you gain weight or have trouble breathing while taking Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol).

Tell your doctor if you have any side effects that bother you or don't go away.

HOW SHOULD I STORE Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)?

• Store Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) between 68° to 77°F (20° - 25°C).
• Safely throw away Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) that is out of date or no longer needed.
• Keep Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) and all medicines out of the reach of children.

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)

Doctors sometimes prescribe medicines for conditions not included in the patient information leaflets.

• Only use Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) for the medical problem it was prescribed for.
• Do not give Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) to other people, even if they have the same symptoms. It may harm them.

This leaflet summarizes the most important information about Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol). For more information:

• Talk with your doctor.
• Ask your doctor or pharmacist for information about Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) that is written for healthcare professionals.
• Visit www. BYSTOLIC.com on the web or call 1-800-678-1605.

WHAT IS IN Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)?

Active Ingredient: Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)

Inactive Ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, D&C Red #27 Lake, FD&C Blue #2 Lake, FD&C Yellow #6 Lake, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, polysorbate 80, and sodium lauryl sulfate

WHAT IS HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE (HYPERTENSION)?

Blood pressure is the force in your blood vessels when your heart beats and when your heart rests. You have high blood pressure when the force is too great.

High blood pressure makes the heart work harder to pump blood through the body and causes damage to the blood vessels. Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol) tablets can help your blood vessels relax so your blood pressure is lower. Medicines that lower your blood pressure lower your chance of having a stroke or heart attack.

Rev. October 2016

Distributed by:

Allergan USA, Inc.

Irvine, CA 92612

Licensed from Mylan Laboratories, Inc.

Under license from Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium

Bystolic® is a registered trademark of Forest Laboratories, LLC, an Allergan affiliate.

Actidose®-Aqua is a registered trademark of Paddock Laboratories, LLC

© 2016 Allergan. All rights reserved.

PACKAGE LABEL - PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 2.5 MG LABEL

Rx Only

NDC 0456-1402-30

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)^®

(nebivolol) tablets

2.5 mg/tablet

30 Tablets

FOREST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

PACKAGE LABEL - PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 5 MG LABEL

Rx Only

NDC 0456-1405-90

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)^®

(nebivolol) tablets

5 mg/tablet

90 TABLETS

FOREST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

PACKAGE LABEL - PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 10 MG LABEL

NDC 0456-1410-90

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)^®

(nebivolol) tablets

10 mg/tablet

90 TABLETS

FOREST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

PACKAGE LABEL - PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 20 MG LABEL

NDC 0456-1420-90

Nebivas-SA (Nebivolol)^®

(nebivolol) tablets

20 mg/tablet

90 TABLETS

FOREST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.